On This Day

raveydavey · Posted: Mon Jun 08, 2009 5:47 pm Post subject:

June 8th:

1042 Harthacnut, King of England and Denmark, died. He was succeeded in England by his adopted heir, Edward the Confessor, and in Denmark by Magnus, King of Norway.

1536 The English Parliament met and settled the succession on the future children of Henry VIII by Jane Seymour. The Princesses Mary and Elizabeth were declared illegitimate.

1652 Birth of William Dampier, English explorer who turned to piracy. His exploits netted him £200,000 worth of treasure in only two voyages.

1724 The birth of John Smeaton at Austhorpe, Leeds, considered the founder of English civil engineering. He built the Eddystone lighthouse, at the same time developing cement that could be used underwater and was immortalised in song by the Kaiser Chiefs. He now also has a viaduct named after him.

1772 Robert Stevenson, Scottish engineer, was born. He built Bell Rock lighthouse, the first in Scotland.

1924 The last sighting of English climber George Mallory - seen 800 feet from the summit of Mount Everest during his third attempt to become the first man to conquer the world's highest mountain.

1942: Japanese bombers made Australia their target, attacking Sydney and Newcastle.

1944: Bomber Command used Barnes-Wallis' 12,000lb (5,443kg) Tallboy "earthquake" bomb for the first time, 617 Squadron attacking a railway tunnel near Saumur, through which trains carrying German tanks were expected to pass on their way to Normandy. 83 Squadron illuminated the target with flares, three Mosquitoes laid target-markers in a low-level run, then 617's 25 Lancaster bombers made their attack. Delivered with precision, the Tallboys wrecked the tunnel. All the aircraft returned safely.

1963 Dr. Stephen Ward, a London osteopath and friend of 'call girl' Christine Keeler, was arrested and charged with living on immoral earnings.

1968 James Earl Ray, wanted for the murder of American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, was arrested in London, travelling under an assumed name.

1969: Spain closed the frontier with Gibraltar hoping to cripple its economy following Britain’s refusal to hand over the colony to Spain.

1982 American President Ronald Reagan became the first American head of state to address a joint session of the British Parliament.

1982 Up to fifty British servicemen were killed in an Argentine air attack on two supply ships in the Falklands. Sir Galahad and Sir Tristram were anchored at Bluff Cove when they were hit by missiles in a surprise raid by five Argentine Skyhawks.

1985 All Ireland united behind Barry McGuigan as he won the world featherweight title at Loftus Road, London.

1999 Ex-cabinet minister Jonathan Aitken was jailed for 18 months after admitting he lied during a libel action.

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raveydavey · Posted: Tue Jun 09, 2009 5:55 pm Post subject:

June 9th:

1549 The Church of England adopted the Book of Common Prayer, compiled by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer.

1623 British Forces made a treaty with the 'Potomac River tribes' proposing a toast to perpetual friendship. The Indian chief and 200 men then dropped dead from poisoned wine.

1781 The birth of George Stephenson, locomotive engineer who designed the 'Rocket'.

1836 Birth of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, English physician who was refused admission to medical schools, so studied privately and was licensed to practice in 1865. She created a medical school for women which became the New Hospital for Women.

1866: A train carrying ammunition between Quebec and Montreal caught fire near Danville. The truck with the fire was quickly disconnected, but troops and railway staff were in a quandary as to how to deal with it. Seeing their indecision, Private O'Hea of the Rifle Brigade ran to the wagon, opened it and set about fighting the fire. Others then helped him, and the fire was extinguished safely. Most unusually, O'Hea received the Victoria Cross (VC) for heroism in a non-combat situation.

1870 Charles Dickens, English novelist died at his home - Gad's Hill Place, Kent

1898 An agreement was signed under which Hong Kong was leased to Britain, by China, for a period of 99 years.

1899 Boxer Bob Fitzsimmons, the first British world heavyweight champion, lost his title to American James Jeffries at Coney Island, New York.

1904 Musicians who left the Henry Wood Orchestra after a disagreement, formed the London Symphony Orchestra.

1933 Baird demonstrated high definition television at his Long Acre studio in London, showing the difference between the previous 30-line picture and the new 120-line tubes. Did anyone know HD had been about for so long...?

1953: Randolf Turpin, British boxing champion, won the world middleweight crown when he beat Charles Hunez of France on points at White City.

1958 The Queen opened an extended airport at Gatwick, south of London, modernised at a cost of £7m.

1960 It was announced that one of Britain's oldest quality cars, the Armstrong Siddeley, was to go out of production.

1975 The first live transmission from the House of Commons was broadcast by BBC Radio and commercial stations.

1983 Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party won a landslide second term election victory.

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raveydavey · Posted: Wed Jun 10, 2009 5:24 pm Post subject:

June 10th:

1688 James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender to the British throne was born.

1692: The first of 19 people - 14 women and five men - were hanged at Salem at the end of the hysterical witch-hunt trials conducted by Judge Jonathan Corwin. One other accused person was crushed to death under weights for refusing to plead.

1829 The Oxford team won the first-ever Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race.

1844: Birth of Carl Hagenbeck, German animal dealer and trainer who demonstrated that it was possible to control wild animals by kindness, not fear, and that they had surprising intelligence. He also created an open air zoo near Hamburg which was the prototype for the safari parks of the future.

1864 Cricket authorities in England legalised over-arm bowling.

1909: The Cunard liner SS Slavonia sent out the first SOS signal when she was wrecked off the Azores. The signals were picked up by vessels close by who took part in the rescue operation.

1921 Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh and husband of Queen Elizabeth, was born; as Philippos Schleswig- Holstein Soenderburg-Glucksburg on the Greek island of Corfu.

1940 World War II: Italy officially declared war on Britain and France.

1942 World War II: The Czech village of Lidice was destroyed and every man in it killed in reprisal for the assassination of Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich. Women and children were deported.

1943: Laszlo Biró, a Hungarian hypnotist, sculptor and journalist, patented his ballpoint pen, which he first devised in 1938.

1944: Bomber Command dispatched 432 aircraft to attack railway targets throughout France to hamper further German efforts to rush troops to Normandy, as Allied troop numbers landed on the beaches topped 326,000, with some 54,000 vehicles. US forces succeeded in linking Omaha and Utah beaches, whilst efforts continued to push through to secure the gap between the the US and British/Canadian sectors Following intensive work by Royal Engineers and RAF ground crews, the first RAF Advanced Landing Ground became operational within the beach head at St Croix sur Mer, allowing Typhoons and Spitfires to be based forward in Normandy and thus provide immediate support to the troops on the ground.

1945: Troops of the Australian 9th Division landed in Brunei to secure the vital oil fields and rubber plantations.

1965 A de Havilland jet airliner made the first automatic landing, relying entirely on instruments, at Heathrow Airport.

1977 An elusive goldfish eating perch with a prodigious appetite was finally netted after two years on the rampage in a Kent pond. The fish, nicknamed Jaws, was caught by two Southern Water Board engineers equipped with a rowing boat, a fishing net and a 240v stun rod. Jaws was accused of eating 3,000 goldfish in a breeding lake near Canterbury.

1986 Patrick Joseph Magee was found guilty of planting the Brighton bomb which had killed five people two years previously.

1986 Bob Geldof, the Irish-born singer and charity fund raiser and US citizen John Paul Getty II, were both made honorary knights by Queen Elizabeth II.

1989 After an era of 157 years, Britain's last lightship was towed away from its position north-west of the Channel Island of Guernsey.

1989: The body of France’s celebrated thief, Albert Spangiari who led 20 men through the sewers of Nice to steal £5 million from a bank in 1976, was secretly delivered to his mother’s house. He had been in hiding and apparently died from natural causes.

1990 A British Airways pilot survived after being partly sucked out of the cockpit at 23,000 feet above London.

2000 London's new Millennium Bridge was closed for safety checks after large crowds caused it to sway violently.

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raveydavey · Posted: Thu Jun 11, 2009 6:33 pm Post subject:

June 11th:

1381 Wat Tyler led the peasants of Southern England in a march to London; the first popular rebellion in English history. His leadership proved one of the chief factors in the success of protest against the harsh taxation of the poorer classes.

1488 James III of Scotland was murdered by rebellious Scottish nobles and was succeeded by his 15 year old son, James IV.

1509 Eighteen year old King Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon, the first of his six wives. When Catherine failed to produce a male heir, Henry divorced her against the will of the Roman Catholic Church, thus precipitating the Protestant Reformation in England. Henry went on to have five more wives; two of whom (Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard) he executed for alleged adultery after he grew tired of them. Mary, his only surviving child by Catherine of Aragon, ascended to the throne upon the death of Edward VI in 1553.

1776 John Constable, English landscape painter was born. He is best known for his paintings representing his native valley of the River Stour, an area that came to be known as 'Constable country'.

1847 Sir John Franklin, English naval officer and Arctic explorer, died in Canada, in an attempt to discover the North-West Passage.

1907 In English county cricket, Northamptonshire were bowled out for 12 by Gloucestershire - the lowest total in first class cricket.

1940 In the Western Desert, the British Army launched its first operation against the Italians, who had declared war the previous day. Eighteen elderly Rolls-Royce armoured cars of the 11th Hussars broke through the barbed wire entanglements along the border between Libya and Egypt and conducted night patrols on the Italian side, successfully capturing seventy Italian troops in ambushes. The Italian prisoners were understandably unhappy - their commanders had omitted to inform them that they were now at war with the British.

1952 English cricketer Denis Compton hit his 100th century, and on this day in 1953 Len Hutton became the first professional cricketer to captain England.

1955: Three cars travelling at 150 mph crashed and ploughed into spectators at Le Mans, killing 80 people and injuring over 100 in the worst accident in motor racing history. The race was not stopped and Britain’s Mike Hawthorn was declared the winner.

1959 The Hovercraft, invented by Christopher Cockerell was officially demonstrated for the first time, at Southampton.

1965 All four members of the British group The Beatles, were awarded OBEs in Queen Elizabeth II's birthday honours list.

1981: The musical Barnum opened at the London Palladium, starring Michael Crawford who personally performed all the stunts and acrobatics and was insured for £3 million.

1982: British forces successfully attacked Mount Harriet, Mount Longdon and Two Sisters in the Falklands

1987 Margaret Thatcher declared she was 'raring to go' after winning a record third term as Prime Minister.

1997 The British House of Commons voted for a total ban on handguns in a free vote.

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raveydavey · Posted: Fri Jun 12, 2009 6:07 pm Post subject:

June 12th:

1458 Magdalen College, Oxford, was founded.

1667 The Dutch fleet, under Admiral de Ruyter burned Sheerness, sailed up the River Medway, raided Chatham dockyard, and then escaped with the royal barge, the Royal Charles. This was the start of a long history of thievery in the area, which continues to this day...

1673 The future King James I of England was forced to resign as Lord High Admiral because of his Catholic faith.

1683 The Rye House Plot, to assassinate English king Charles II and his brother James, Duke of York, was discovered.

1819 Charles Kingsley, English clergyman and author of The Water Babies, was born.

1922 George Leigh Mallory and two British climbers reached a height of 25,800 feet on Mount Everest without the aid of oxygen; the highest point ever achieved. Two years later, this same month, Mallory made another attempt with Andrew Irvine. Less than 1,000 feet from the summit, they were trapped by bad weather and were never seen alive again. (His body was eventually found on 3rd May 1999)

1944: Only six days after the first troops came ashore in Normandy, the Mulberry harbours at Arromanches and St Laurent were declared operational. The Dieppe Raid in 1942 had shown the difficulty of seizing a port in a direct amphibious assault, and the Germans had been confident that the Allies would be unable to receive adequate supplies across the beaches they had taken on D-Day. However, numerous huge concrete caissons had been constructed in British dockyards to be towed across the Channel and sunk to form two prefabricated harbours, each the size of Dover. Floating trackways were installed, capable of allowing fully loaded trucks to be driven straight off transport ships to the shore.

1962: Three escape from Alcatraz. Three prisoners have made their way out of California's Alcatraz prison using spoons and a homemade raft. Frank Lee Morris, Clarence and John Anglin were never recaptured and opinion is divided as to whether they succeeded in their escape, were drowned or eaten by sharks.

1964: Nelson Mandela jailed for life. The leader of the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa, Nelson Mandela, is given a life sentence for sabotage.

1980 Billy Butlin, English holiday camp entrepreneur, died. He opened his first Butlins camp at Skegness on 11th April 1936. It was officially opened by Amy Johnson, the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia.

1982: On Mount Longdon, Sergeant McKay assumed command of a platoon of the 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, after the platoon's officer had fallen wounded during the fighting on Mount Longdon. The troops were pinned down by heavy fire from an Argentine position, and suffering further casualties. Sergeant McKay charged the enemy alone, and was killed, but his attack allowed the platoon to disengage safely McKay was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross.

1983 Following Mrs. Thatcher's landslide victory in the General Election, Michael Foot resigned as Leader of the Labour party.

1986 Derek Hatton, the controversial deputy leader of Liverpool Council, was expelled from the Labour Party for belonging to the left wing militant faction.

1989 Members of Parliament voted to allow television cameras to broadcast proceedings in the House of Commons.

1995 Two business colleagues from Sussex shared a record National Lottery jackpot of more than £22m.

1997 Law lords ruled that the former Home Secretary Michael Howard acted illegally when he raised the minimum sentence imposed on the killers of two year old James Bulger.

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raveydavey · Posted: Sat Jun 13, 2009 2:33 pm Post subject:

June 13th:

1174: The battle of Alnwick marked a failed attempt by King William the Lion of Scotland to invade England to support barons rebelling against Henry II. William was captured and forced to recognise Henry as his liege lord.

1665 The Great Plague began to take hold, as the official death toll reached 112.

1795 Dr. Thomas Arnold, English educationalist and reformer of the Public School system whilst he was headmaster of Rugby School, was born.

1842 Queen Victoria travelled by train for the first time, from Slough (near Windsor Castle) to Paddington, accompanied by Prince Albert. A special coach had been built earlier, but the Queen had been reluctant to try this new form of travel. On her first journey, the engine driver was assisted by the great civil engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

1910 Birth of Mary Whitehouse, English co-founder of the ‘Clean up TV campaign’ and Honorary General Secretary of the National Viewers’ and Listeners’ Association.

1930 Henry Seagrave, British racing driver died.

1931 Jesse Boot, (Boots - the chemist) English pharmacist, drug manufacturer, and philanthropist died.

1942 British forces lost 230 tanks in desert fighting. It has to be said that British tanks during the Second World War were generally crap.

1944 World War II: the first German V1 flying bomb, or 'doodlebug' landed in Britain - killing three people in a house in the coastal city of Southampton.

1945: Australian troops of the 9th Division liberated Brunei.

1951 Queen Elizabeth II (then Princess Elizabeth) laid the foundation stone for what was to become the Royal National Theatre.

1956: The first European Cup was won by Real Madrid in Paris when they beat Stade de Reims 4-3.

1974 Prince Charles made his maiden speech in House of Lords. It was the first such royal speech in 90 years.

1981 A 17 year-old man was arrested for shooting a replica gun at the Queen as she rode past crowds in London.

1982: British forces attacked Argentinean positions on Mount Tumbledown.

1996 French and British researchers injected material from cows suffering from BSE into the brains of macaque monkeys and found the same disease patterns as in patients suffering from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

1987 Princess Anne was given the title Princess Royal.

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raveydavey · Posted: Sun Jun 14, 2009 12:55 pm Post subject:

June 14th:

1645: The battle which decided the outcome of the English Civil War was fought at Naseby, Northamptonshire. Sir Thomas Fairfax commanded Parliament's New Model Army against King Charles'Royalist forces. Whilst the outnumbered Royalist infantry held their own in the centre, Prince Rupert's cavalry swept away the Parliamentarian horse on one flank. However, Oliver Cromwell's cavalry proved equally effective on the other flank. Unlike Rupert, Cromwell was then able to swing his horsemen round to decide the infantry battle in the centre.

1777: The US Congress adopted the ‘Stars and Stripes’ as the official flag.

1789 English Captain William Bligh and 18 others, cast adrift from the H.M.S. Bounty, reached Timor after travelling nearly 4,000 miles in a small, open boat. The Bounty had been sailing from Tahiti when crew members, led by Mel Gibson, mutinied.

1919 At 14.13 GMT, Captain John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten-Brown took off from Newfoundland on the first non-stop transatlantic flight to Galway, Ireland, in a Vickers Vimy. They landed safely 16 hours later, on the 15th and claimed a £10,000 prize from the Daily Mail. They were eventually knighted by King George V. When Alcock was killed in an air crash in France in December 1919 his partner, Brown, never flew again.

1928 Death of the British suffragette leader Emmeline Pankhurst.

1940: German troops enter Paris. German troops march into Paris forcing French and allied troops to retreat.

1946 John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor who developed television died.

1968 British yachtsman Robin Knox-Johnson set out to sail solo around the world.

1970 Much over-rated Scumchester United footballer Bobby Charlton played his 106th and last international match for England against West Germany in the World Cup finals in Mexico. His first game had been in April 1958 against Scotland.

1972 Hundreds of thousands of holidaymakers faced flight delays and cancellations as pilots threatened to strike over hijack fears.

1976 Former British Prime Minister Harold Wilson received a knighthood.

1982 Argentine forces surrendered at Port Stanley, ending the Falklands War. Cheers Armley. Wink

1995 Pauline Clare, 47, became the first woman to be appointed chief constable in Britain.

1997 Queen Elizabeth II birthday honours included a George Medal for teacher Lisa Potts, survivor of a machete attack at her school; and a posthumous Queen's Gallantry medal for headmaster Philip Lawrence murdered outside his school in London.

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ArmleyWhite · Posted: Mon Jun 15, 2009 8:46 am Post subject:

I was away at the weekend, trying to forget things that happened over the 13-14th June in the South Atlantic. Had a good weekend as it happened.

I was part of FOO in the battle for Wireless ridge. RIP to those that fell (on both sides) that night. Majority of the Falklands campaign the Argentinian army were considered a joke. On that night they really showed their metal. Just as we assumed they were being pushed out of the area and towards surrender they regrouped and charged our lines. As they charged we stood and watched mouths open as they were cut to pieces by the outgoing fire. Extremely gallant, but foolhardy attack. No one ever remembers those very brave argentinian soldiers. I still see those faces with the full horror of war as they fell. that was real WW1 bravery that night.

British citations at Wireless ridge.

Battle for Wireless Ridge by 2 Para (all citations included Goose Green)
Lt C S Connor (MC), C Coy
Maj J H Crosland (MC), B Coy
Maj C D Farrar-Hockley (MC), A Coy
Sgt J C Meredith (DCM), D Coy
Sgt T I Barrett (MM), A Coy

Capt W A McCracken (MC) RA, NGFO, 29 Cdo Regt RA (citation also
included Mount Longdon)
Capt J G Greenhalgh (DFC) RCT, 656 AAC Sqdn (also included Goose Green)

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raveydavey · Posted: Mon Jun 15, 2009 6:05 pm Post subject:

raveydavey · Posted: Mon Jun 15, 2009 6:12 pm Post subject:

June 15th:

1215 King John agreed to put his royal seal on the Magna Carta, or Great Charter of English liberties, at Runnymede, near Windsor. The document, essentially a peace treaty between John and his barons, guaranteed the nobles their feudal privileges and promised to maintain the nation's laws.

1330 The birth of Edward the Black Prince, eldest son of Edward III. He married his cousin Joan, ‘The Fair Maid of Kent’, who gave him two sons, one of whom was the future Richard III.

1381 Wat Tyler - leader of the Peasants' Revolt, was executed at Smithfield in London after being found guilty of treason.

1752: Benjamin Franklin flew a kite with a metal frame during a storm as part of his experiments with electricity, to prove lightning is attracted to metal.

1825 The foundation stone of the New London Bridge was laid by ‘the grand old’ Duke of York. It now spans an artificial lake in Arizona.

1844: Charles Goodyear patented his vulcanized rubber process in the US, which made possible the commercial use of rubber.

1860 British nurse Florence Nightingale, famous for tending British wounded during the Crimean War, opened a school for nurses at St Thomas's Hospital in London.

1910 British explorer Captain Robert Scott began his ill-fated expedition to reach the South Pole.

1928 The House of commons voted to fix the date of Easter. However, a clause in the Bill allowed the consideration of the opinions of all the major churches and the Act was never put in force.

1929 British made Bentleys occupied the first four places at the finish of the Le Mans 24 hour race in France.

1966: Hovercraft deal opens show. The world's first hovershow opens in Britain with news of a Ministry of Defence order worth £1m.

1971 Opposition grew to Education Secretary Margaret Thatcher's plans to end free school milk for children over the age of seven and some Labour controlled councils threatened to put up the rates in order to continue supplying free milk.

1996 An IRA bomb, the biggest ever to go off on the British mainland, devastated the centre of Scumchester. 200 people were taken to hospital and the explosion caused £100 million worth of damage.

1998 Britain introduced a £2 coin.

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raveydavey · Posted: Tue Jun 16, 2009 4:16 pm Post subject:

June 16th:

1487: At Stoke, Henry VII led some 6,000 troops against about 9,000 Yorkist and Irish rebels under the young Lambert Simnel, who claimed to be Edward, the son of the Duke of Clarence, and had claimed the English throne in Dublin the previous month. Simnel's army was marching on Newark, when Lord Oxford mounted the first Royal attack. However, this was roughly handled by the rebels until Henry engaged with his main force. The best part of Simnel's force comprised some German mercenaries under Martin Schwartz, and they held Henry's men at bay for some considerable time before the rebels collapsed and were slaughtered. Although the victor, Henry lost perhaps a third of his men. Unusually, the defeated Simnel, only about ten and very much the puppet of the Yorkist nobles, was shown clemency, and famously given a job in the Royal kitchens.

1722 English general, John Churchill, the first Duke of Marlborough, died.

1794: The first stone was laid of the world’s biggest grain windmill in Holland. Known as ‘De Walvisch’ (the whale), it is still in existence.

1815: Napoleon Bonaparte's French army, advancing into Belgium, encountered their opponents in strength for the first time. The Prussians under Blucher fought the Emperor at Ligny. To the west, Marshal Ney's troops encountered Netherlands troops at the strategically important cross-roads of Quatre Bras. The Dutch and Belgian troops were progressively reinforced by Wellington as he rushed to concentrate his forces, and the covering action at Quatre Bras allowed him to withdraw a short distance up the road to a prime defensive position at Waterloo.

1824 The RSPCA Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was founded.

1880 The distinctive Salvation Army ladies' bonnets were worn for the first time when they marched in procession in London.

1890 Stan Laurel, (Arthur Jefferson) English born comedy actor of Laurel and Hardy fame, was born.

1903: Henry Ford formed his motor manufacturing company. He retained 25 per cent of the shares and was made Vice-President and Chief Engineer. On the same day, a company just one year old registered its trade name, Pepsi-Cola.

1912 Enoch Powell, British politician was born.

1929 The death of the English religious leader General Bramwell Booth, founder of the Salvation Army.

1930 Mixed bathing was permitted for the first time in Hyde Park, London.

1958 Yellow ‘No Waiting’ lines were introduced to British streets.

1971 Death of the broadcaster and former Director General of the BBC, John Reith.

1976: The people of the huge black township of Soweto near Johannesburg rebelled against the enforced teaching of Afrikaans in their schools. Over 1,000 people died before security forces crushed the uprising. It has now become Soweto Day for blacks in South Africa.

1978: The electronic ‘Space Invaders’ game was demonstrated by Taito Corporation of Tokyo.

1982 South Wales Coalfield came to a standstill as miners went on strike in support of health workers who were demanding a 12% pay rise.

1982 England international Bryan Robson scored a goal against France in Bilbao after just 27 seconds of the game - then the quickest World Cup goal in history.

1992 An explosive new book about the Princess of Wales, including claims that she attempted suicide, was published by author Andrew Morton.

1998 Judges in America upheld the decision to convict British au pair Louise Woodward of manslaughter and the passing of a reduced sentence - the number of days already spent in custody awaiting trial for the killing of Matthew Eappen - the young boy left in her care in Massachussets.

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raveydavey · Posted: Wed Jun 17, 2009 6:15 pm Post subject:

June 17th:

1239: Birth of Edward I, King of England (1272-1307) who invaded Wales in 1277 and ended the autonomy of the principality. He was less successful with Scotland where there was unrest and rebellion.

1579 Francis Drake anchored the Golden Hind just north of what would one day be San Francisco Bay, California and proclaimed England's sovereignty over an area he named New Albion. As the crew went ashore they suddenly sprouted handlebar moustaches and a fondness for leather chaps... Wink

1703 Birth of John Wesley, English evangelist who initiated the Methodist societies and brought about an evangelical revival, not only in England, but also in North America.

1775 In the War of American Independence, British troops won a victory at Bunker Hill north of Boston, Massachusetts.

1823 Charles Macintosh patented the waterproof cloth he used to make raincoats, after experimenting with waste rubber products from Glasgow's new gas works.

1867 Pioneer doctor Joseph Lister amputated a cancerous breast from his sister Isabella using carbolic acid as an antiseptic. The operation in the Glasgow Royal Infirmary was the first under antiseptic conditions.

1940 World War II: In a radio broadcast, Winston Churchill urged Britain to conduct herself so that this would be remembered as her finest hour.

1940: Britain suffered her worst ever maritime disaster when German bombers caught and sank the troopship Lancastria as she evacuated troops and refugees from Saint Nazaire. The number of people aboard will never be known, but was in the order of 6-9,000. Fewer than 2,500 survived.

1955 Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden presented the largest-scale election broadcast ever seen on television.

1964 The first purpose-built floating trade fair docked at Tilbury in London with 22,000 samples of Japanese goods on board.

1970: 'Babes in the wood' bodies found. Detectives investigating the disappearance of two children are at the site of a shallow grave in Essex where two bodies have been found.

1974 An IRA bomb exploded at the Houses of Parliament, causing extensive damage and injuring 11 people.

1980 The locations for the first US nuclear missiles to be stored on British soil (at Greenham Common and Molesworth military bases) were revealed by the government.

1982: Following the collapse of the Banco Ambrosiano, Roberto Calvi, its head, who had links with the Vatican Bank and the unofficial P2 Masonic lodge, was found hanging under Blackfriars Bridge, London. It was suicide, the court decided. It seemed to others a long way to come to hang oneself.

1982 Scumchester United footballer Norman Whiteside became the youngest player to appear in the World Cup finals - playing for Northern Ireland against Yugoslavia in Spain. He was aged 17 years and 41 days.

1989: France celebrated the 100th birthday of the much-loved Eiffel Tower, the symbol of Paris (a replica of the more famous tower at Blackpool) which a century before had had critics claiming it was ugly, unsafe or both.

1999 Death of Cardinal Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster.

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raveydavey · Posted: Thu Jun 18, 2009 6:36 pm Post subject:

June 18th:

1583 The first Life Insurance policy was sold in London, and when a claim was eventually made, it was disputed. Thus was established the procedure for future insurance claims...

1633 Charles I was crowned King of Scotland, at Edinburgh.

1769 The birth of Viscount Castlereagh, 2nd Marquis of Londonderry, a British statesman born in Ireland who, as foreign secretary to Lord Liverpool, organized the coalition against Napoleon.

1815 The Battle of Waterloo:- Napoleon Bonaparte suffered defeat at the hands of the Duke of Wellington, bringing an end to the Napoleonic era of European history.
Napoleon attacked the Duke of Wellington's Allied Army deployed along the ridge line of Mont Saint Jean, near the village of Waterloo, south of Brussels. Less than half of Wellington's troops were British, the majority being Dutch, Belgian, and Germans from Hanover, Brunswick and Nassau. The Emperor was confident of victory, expecting Marshal Grouchy, with the right wing of the French Armee du Nord both to keep Blucher and Gneisenau's Prussians from joining forces with Wellington, and to attack the Duke's left flank.
The initial French infantry attack became bogged down around the chateau of Hougomont, defended by light infantry from the Foot Guards, Nassauers and Hanoverians. However, following a massed artillery barrage, another massive French infantry attack against Wellington's centre broke the Dutch and British infantry lines there. However, just as victory appeared to be France's, the Earl of Uxbridge led the heavy cavalry of the Household and Union Brigades into the confusion. Uxbridge led the 2nd Life Guards in person, routing French cuirassiers preparing to exploit the infantry's success. The Scots Greys, unable to advance at faster than a walk due to the terrain and men in the way, pushed through the routed Highlanders of the 92nd Foot and simply hacked their way into the victorious French column. Having destroyed it, they pressed on to attack a second French column. This had the time to prepare its defence, and the Scots Greys attacked in vain, but then a squadron of the Royal Dragoons hit the French, and completed the destruction of an entire French corps. The British heavy cavalry then suffered grievous losses from a counter-attack by the French cavalry. But they had delivered the fatal blow to Napoleon's prospects of victory.
His infantry decimated, Napoleon resorted to massed cavalry charges led by Marshal Ney. The allied infantry formed squares, and although these proved excellent artillery targets, with some suffering heavy losses, Napoleon failed to give Ney the support of close range horse artillery necessary to let the cavalry break into the squares. Three successive charges by 9,000 French cavalry suffered badly from British and Netherlands' artillery, broke on the squares with little effect, and then were hit by the Allied cavalry waiting in the rear. Blucher and Gneisenau's Prussians were also arriving on the French right flank, drawing off increasing numbers of French reserves, including the Young Guard, to hold them at bay.
However, troops were then seen to be approaching behind Wellington's flank. Thinking these to be Grouchy's men, Napoleon threw in the Old and Middle Guard to lead a last push at Wellington's damaged centre. The Old Guard had never been defeated on the field of battle. But as the columns pushed back three weakened British and Brunswick battalions, a Dutch battery caught them with enfilading fire. General Detmers led a charge by his Netherlands brigade which routed the French Grenadiers. Maitland's brigade of Foot Guards famously rose from a cornfield to stop the Chasseurs. Sir John Colborne then swung the 52nd Light Infantry round onto the flank of the Imperial Guard to complete their defeat.
As the French realised that the Imperial Guard had, unthinkably, failed, General Ziethen, whose Prussian troops were those seen behind Wellington's flank, ignored orders from Blucher to reinforce him further south on Napoleon's extreme right, and instead led his men to punch through the French line and deliver the coup de grace. The French army turned and ran, only the remaining battalions of the Imperial Guard attempting to withdraw in good order.

1817 Waterloo Bridge across the River Thames was opened. Originally it was called Strand Bridge but was re-named in honour of the British victory at Waterloo in 1815.

1822 London unveiled its first nude statue - a bronze figure of Achilles in Hyde Park by sculptor Sir Richard Westmacott. The statue later acquired a discreet fig leaf.

1900: Empress Dowager Cixi orders the killing of all foreigners in China, in support of the 'Boxer' rebellion.

1915: On the hundredth anniversary of the victory at Waterloo, Australian engineers working under enemy fire completed Watson's Pier at Gallipoli Cove. To mark the occasion, they held a dinner that night at the pier-head. Since that occasion the Royal Australian Engineers have held an annual Waterloo Dinner.

1928 In London, the keel was laid for biggest ship to date, the 1,000 foot, 60,000 ton Oceanic.

1928: Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly the Atlantic when she and her two male companions landed safely in Wales.

1935 Germany signed a treaty with Britain limiting the size of the German fleet to 35 percent that of the Royal Navy.

1963 Henry Cooper knocked Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) to the floor in round four at Wembley Stadium, London, but by the sixth, with Cooper badly cut, the fight was stopped and Clay remained world heavyweight boxing champion.

1965 The government announced it would introduce a blood alcohol limit for drivers, with penalties for those caught above it.

1972 A flight from London Heathrow to Brussels crashed minutes after take-off killing all 118 people on board.

1975 First North Sea Oil was pumped ashore in Britain.

1999: Anti-capitalism demo turns violent. Police and protesters clash at a demonstration against capitalism in the centre of London's financial district.

2000 Jamie Andrew, aged 30 years, became the first quadruple amputee to scale Ben Nevis when he reached the snow-covered peak after a climb of 6½ hours. He had lost his hands and feet from severe frostbite after being stranded in the Alps in a fierce blizzard in 1999.

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raveydavey · Posted: Fri Jun 19, 2009 3:42 pm Post subject:

June 20th:

1215: King John and his barons seal the Magna Carta - a statement of English liberties - at Runnymede, Surrey.

1566 King James VI of Scotland and I of England was born.

1623: Birth of Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and philosopher who invented the first calculating machines. Other research led to the invention of the syringe and hydraulic press and with it, Pascal’s law of pressure.

1809 Curwen's Act was passed in Britain, to prevent the sale of parliamentary seats, thus decreasing the number of seats which the British government could manipulate for its regular supporters.

1829 Robert Peel's Act was passed, to establish a new police force in London and its suburbs. They were known as Peelers and then Bobbies, derived from his surname and Christian name respectively.

1861 Douglas Haig, British field-marshal was born. Haig became known as 'Butcher of the Somme', after he unnecessarily sent thousands of British troops to their deaths. After the war, he devoted himself to the care of ex-Servicemen.

1917 The British royal family renounced the German names and titles of Saxe-Coburg, (responding to anti-German sentiment) and became Windsor.

1960: Daimler was acquired by Jaguar Motors.

1970 Edward Heath became the new British prime minister after a surprise victory for the Conservatives and the defeat of Labour leader Harold Wilson.

1975 An inquest jury decided that the missing Lord Lucan murdered the 29-year-old nanny of his three young children.

1978 Cricketing star Ian Botham became the first man in the history of the game to score a century and take eight wickets in one innings of a Test match.

1980 Three gunmen who attacked the British embassy in Baghdad were shot dead by Iraqi security forces.

1996 Britain offered to slaughter up to 67,000 more cattle in an effort to end the ban on British beef.

1997 The US fast-food chain McDonalds won a two-year libel case in Britain against two environmental campaigners who claimed that the company caused environmental damage and exploited workers in the Third World.

1997 William Hague became the youngest leader of the Conservative Party for 200 years. He beat Kenneth Clarke in the election following the resignation of John Major.

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raveydavey · Posted: Sat Jun 20, 2009 2:41 pm Post subject:

June 20th:

1756 In India, the night of the infamous 'Black Hole of Calcutta', where more than 140 British soldiers and civilians were placed in a small prison cell - 18 feet by 14 feet - by the Nawab of Bengal. The following morning only 23 emerged alive.

1819: The paddle-wheel steamship Savannah arrived at Liverpool after a voyage lasting 27 days 11 hours, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic.

1837 On the death of William IV, Queen Victoria, aged 18, acceded to the throne.

1887 On Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee, Buffalo Bill Cody staged a Royal Command performance of his famous Wild West Show, and four European kings boarded the original Deadwood coach driven by Cody.

1887 Britain's longest railway bridge over the River Tay opened. The first had collapsed in 1879 whilst the Edinburgh to Dundee train was crossing, killing over 90 people.

1906 Catherine Cookson, English novelist, was born.

1949 American tennis player 'Gorgeous' Gussie Moran caused a sensation at the Wimbledon Championships by wearing lace-trimmed pants under a short skirt.

1984 The biggest exam shake up for over 10 years was announced with O Level and CSE exams to be replaced by new examinations, to be known as GCSEs.

1986 In the wake of the Chernobyl disaster, the government ordered a temporary ban on the slaughter and movement of lambs in some parts of the country.

1990 British Chancellor John Major proposed a new European currency which would circulate alongside existing national currencies.

1995 Shell abandoned at the eleventh hour its plan to dump the disused Brent Spar rig in the Atlantic, provoking a furious reaction in the British government. Meanwhile, the environmental campaign group Greenpeace claimed victory in the high-profile battle.

1996 English cricket umpire Harold 'Dickie' Bird received a standing ovation by players and spectators at Lords when he took the field to officiate in his final Test Match.

1997 Former Conservative minister Jonathan Aitken lost his libel action against The Guardian newspaper over allegations that wealthy Arabs paid for him to stay at the Ritz Hotel in Paris while he was a minister.

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raveydavey · Posted: Sun Jun 21, 2009 1:27 pm Post subject:

June 21st:

1596: Having displayed exemplary operational security (unlike Hawkins' and Drake's disastrous West Indies expedition the previous year), Lord Howard's royal expedition made a surprise descent on the port of Cadiz, sinking or capturing the Spanish warships in the outer harbour and landing an assault force under the Earl of Essex. The city was taken after a few hours fighting, the only local leader to have shown any resolve being the bishop. The only failure was to secure the ships of the immensely valuable West Indies flota, sitting in the inner harbour; these were looted by their own crews and then set alight - Queen Elizabeth was not pleased at the lost opportunity to seize the cargo valued at some �3.5 million, equal to ten years' normal revenue for the English crown. The English remained in Cadiz for a fortnight, without facing any significant effort by the Spanish to oust them, before heading home with what was still a huge quantity of loot Lord Howard's chaplain had stolen from the Jesuit library and donated his ill-gotten gains to Hereford Cathedral, while the Earl of Essex gave the Bishop of Faro's library to the new Bodleian Library at Oxford.
Spain's reputation as the greatest power in Europe suffered disastrously from her failure to protect one of her most important ports. Don Pedro de Zubiaur was ordered to lead a new Armada in a reprisal against England in October, but luckily for the English, whose ships were now in dock refitting, the Armada was caught by a gale off Galicia and forced to return home having lost thirty ships.

1675 The laying of the foundation stone of the new St Paul's Cathedral in London The cathedral was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and the site faced that of the church destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666.

1843: The Royal College of Surgeons was founded from the original Barber-Surgeons Company.

1854 The first Victoria Cross, Britain's highest medal for bravery, was awarded to Charles Lucas, who was awarded it during the Crimean War for conspicuous bravery. The medal was made from metal from a cannon captured at Sebastopol.

1898 A reporter covering the launch of HMS Albion on the Thames was in such a hurry to file his story that he missed the fact that 38 people drowned when a temporary jetty collapsed.

1919 German sailors scuttled 72 warships at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys even though Germany had surrendered. It was the greatest act of self-destruction in modern military history.

1937 First televising of the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships.

1940: An RAF Anson, fitted with special radio receivers, managed to detect over Derby the transmissions of the German Knickebein bomber navigation system used during the Blitz, allowing jamming equipment - codenamed Headache and Aspirin - to be rapidly developed.

1942 German forces under Field-Marshal Rommel captured Tobruk.

1945: US troops take Okinawa. The Japanese island of Okinawa falls to the Americans after a long and bloody battle.

1948 The first stored programme to run on a computer was put through its paces on the Small Scale Experimental Machine, known as Baby, at Scumchester University.

1968: Egg board 'should be scrapped'. The Egg Marketing Board should be scrapped and an independent authority established in its place, according to a report published today.

1969 The BBC TV broadcast 'Royal Family' - a documentary going behind the public facade of the British Royal Family. This was the first time anyone had seen Queen Elizabeth II, her husband the Duke of Edinburgh and their children other than on official engagements.

1970 Tony Jacklin won the US Open at Hazeltine Golf Club, Minnesota. He was the first Briton to win since Ted Ray in 1920.

1982 Diana, Princess of Wales, gave birth to a boy, (Prince William) sixteen hours after checking in to St Mary's Hospital, in London.

1991 British Gas chairman Robert Evans came under fire for accepting a pay increase of 66%, taking his annual wage to £370,000.

1996 Britain and other members of the EU reached an agreement for the phased lifting of the ban on British beef. French farmers, however, blockaded two channel ports. Quelle surprise!

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raveydavey · Posted: Mon Jun 22, 2009 5:49 pm Post subject:

June 22nd: The longest day of the year was yesterday - it's downhill all the way to Christmas now!

1377 At the age of 10, Richard II became King of England following the death of his grandfather Edward III, the previous day.

1611 Henry Hudson, English navigator, was cast adrift with some of his crew after a mutiny in the bay that now bears his name. It was the last time they were seen alive.

1802 Britain's Health and Morals of Apprentices Act limited children to a maximum twelve hour working day; whilst under nines were banned from the mills. Thin. End. Wedge.

1814 The Marylebone Cricket Club and Hertfordshire played the first match at England's Lord's Cricket Ground.

1910 The birth of John Hunt, English mountaineer and explorer. He led the 1953 expedition on which Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay reached the summit of Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain (29,035 feet). He described the venture in his book The Ascent of Everest.

1921The first Northern Ireland Parliament was opened by King George V in Belfast. Sir James Craig was the first Prime Minister in a parliament that nobody wanted. Southern Irish leaders wanted a united Ireland.

1937: ‘The Brown Bomber’, Joe Louis, became world heavyweight champion when he knocked out James J Braddock in the eighth round in Chicago. Exactly one year later, he avenged a previous defeat before becoming champion, by knocking out Germany’s Max Schmeling in the first round.

1940: Three RAF Blenheim bombers and six Hurricane fighters reached Malta after an epic flight across France and French North Africa, which had begun on 16 June. Twelve Blenheims and twelve Hurricanes had been dispatched, but the journey had been plagued by bad weather and a disastrous series of accidents, which cost the lives of nineteen aircrew. Two other Hurricanes, from a reinforcement flight intended for North Africa, also ended up on the island, and although the Blenheims and three of the fighters were subsequently sent on to Alexandria, five of the Hurricanes were retained on Malta. There they backed up the six Gladiator biplanes which had thus far been the island's only fighter defence.

1941: Hitler invades the Soviet Union. The German Army takes the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin by surprise as it begins a massive advance on Moscow.

1959 Directors of Harrods urged shareholders to vote for a £34m merger with the Debenhams department chain.

1981: Chapman pleads guilty to Lennon murder. Mark Chapman changes his plea to guilty and admits he murdered John Lennon in December 1980.

1984 The first Virgin Atlantic flight left Gatwick for New York, with a planeload of passengers who had paid just £99 for their tickets.

1986 The 'Hand of God' football match. England were beaten 2-1 by Argentina in the quarter-finals of the World Cup in Mexico. Both Argentine goals were scored by Diego Maradona - the first with the deliberate use of his hand which went unseen by the referee. It was the first match between the two countries since the Falklands War in 1982.

1995 John Major resigned as head of Britain's Conservative Party, but said that he would stay on as prime minister while he fought for re-election. He said he had been under attack for three years and told his critics to 'put up or shut up'.

2001 The Parole Board decided that Venables and Thompson, the two schoolboy murderers of 2 year old James Bulger should be released, and their identities protected, after serving just 8 years for a crime that shocked the nation.

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raveydavey · Posted: Tue Jun 23, 2009 6:02 pm Post subject:

June 23rd

1683 William Penn, the English Quaker, signed a treaty with the Indian chiefs of the Lenni Lenade Tribe in an attempt to ensure peace in his new American colony, Pennsylvania.

1757 British troops, commanded by Robert Clive, won the Battle of Plassey in Bengal - laying the foundations of the British Empire in India.

1894 Birth of Edward, Duke of Windsor who was King Edward VIII from 20th January to 10th December 1936 before abdicating to marry twice-divorced Mrs. Wallis Warfield Simpson.

1912: Birth of Alan (Mathison) Turing, English mathematician, logician and computer pioneer. During the Second World War he served in the Code and Cypher School and was responsible for cracking German codes.

1939 The Government of Eire declared membership of the IRA (Irish Republican Army) to be illegal.

1940 The BBC’s Music While You Work programme was first broadcast on radio to brighten up the lives of munitions workers doing boring factory jobs.

1951 Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean, missing diplomats, fled to the USSR as Russian spies before the British authorities had the opportunity to arrest them for spying. They 'surfaced' in Moscow in 1956.

1970 The world’s first all-metal liner, Brunel’s 'Great Britain' returned to Bristol from the Falkland Islands where it had lain rusting since 1886.

1985 An Air India passenger jet disintegrated in mid-air off the coast of Ireland, killing all 329 people on board.

1986 Brighton bomber Patrick Magee, found guilty of planting the bomb at the Grand Hotel, Brighton during the Conservative Party Conference in 1983, was jailed for a minimum of 35 years.

1989 The Home secretary announced that the West Midlands Serious Crime Squad had been disbanded in the wake of allegations of malpractice.

1992: 'Teflon Don' jailed for life. New York crime boss John Gotti is sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of parole.

1994 It was announced that the Royal Yacht Britannia would be sold or scrapped.

1997 Diana, Princess of Wales apologized for taking her two sons, Princes William and Harry, to see the 15 certificated film The Devil's Own, about an IRA assassin.

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raveydavey · Posted: Wed Jun 24, 2009 5:34 pm Post subject:

June 24th:

1314 Robert the Bruce defeated Edward II at Bannockburn and so completed his expulsion of the English from Scotland.

1509 Henry VIII's coronation took place.

1559 The Elizabethan Prayer Book was first used.

1717 The Grand Lodge of the English Freemasons was founded in London.

1812: Napoleon begins the disastrous French invasion of Russia by crossing the River Niemen with 614,000 men.

1825 W.H. Smith, English news agent and bookseller, was born.

1850 The birth of Horatio Herbert, Earl Kitchener, British field marshal, born in County Kerry. He achieved notable victories in foreign parts fighting for the Empire, and was Secretary of State for War at the outbreak of hostilities in 1914. He mounted a major recruitment campaign and appeared on posters to exhort, ‘Your country needs you!’

1859: Henri Dunant, a Swiss businessman travelling through Italy, saw the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino and was inspired to found the International Red Cross.

1878 Formation of the St. John Ambulance - originally called the St. John Ambulance Association. Now affectionately known as "the Johnnies".

1921 The world's largest airship, the R-38, built in the U.K. for the U.S. Navy, made its maiden flight at Bedford.

1948: Soviet forces impose a total land blockade of West Berlin to drive the Western Allies from the city.

1953: Jacqueline Bouvier announced her engagement to John F Kennedy, US senator. Bouvier is, of course, Marge Simpsons maiden name - makes you think, doesn't it?

1968 The country's rail network was thrown into disarray as the National Union of Railwaymen began its work-to-rule and ban on overtime.

1968 Start of the first Open Wimbledon lawn tennis championships - open to both professional and amateur players.

1974 The Labour Government admitted that Britain had exploded a nuclear device in the United States a few weeks previously. The announcement sparked a row amongst senior ministers about Britain's involvement in the arms race.

1983 The largest UK fire loss to date occured at the Ministry of Defence Army Central Ordanance Depot fire in Donnington Shropshire, causing 165 million pounds worth of damage.

1986 Hard-line unionist leader the Reverend Ian Paisley warned that Northern Ireland was on the verge of civil war.

1993 Northern Ireland Minister Michael Mates resigned over his links with fugitive tycoon Asil Nadir, Chief Executive Officer of the Polly Peck company.

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raveydavey · Posted: Thu Jun 25, 2009 5:32 pm Post subject:

June 25th: Only 6 months to go until Christmas!!!

1646 The surrender of Oxford to the Roundheads virtually signified the end of the English Civil War.

1797 During the battle off Santa Cruz in the Canary Islands Admiral Nelson was wounded in the right arm by grapeshot and had it amputated later that afternoon. This followed the loss of his sight in his right eye some three years earlier.

1870 The birth of Robert Erskine Childers, Irish author and nationalist who resigned as a clerk in the House of Commons to promote Irish Home Rule. He was elected as a Sinn Fein member to the Irish assembly and joined the IRA which eventually led to his arrest and execution for being in possession of unauthorized weapons.

1876: Custer’s last stand took place at Little Bighorn, Montana. The Sioux Indians, led by Chief Crazy Horse, killed Colonel George Armstrong Custer and all 264 soldiers of his 7th US Cavalry. Whether Custer was a hero or a glory-seeker, his failure to wait for the arrival of General Terry’s men to attack the Sioux led to the disaster for his men.

1891 The first episode of an Arthur Conan Doyle novel involving the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes was printed in the Strand Magazine in London.

1900 Lord Louis Mountbatten of Burma was born. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Navy in South East Asia during the Second World War, and later Viceroy of India during the transfer of power from Britain to India.

1903 The birth of George Orwell, English novelist of 'Animal Farm' and '1984'.

1912 The Prime Minister, Herbert Asquith was bitterly attacked in the Commons for the 'torture' of force-feeding suffragettes in prison.

1950: UN condemns North Korean invasion. North Korea has invaded South Korea at several points along the two countries' joint border.

1953 John Christie was sentenced to hang for murdering his wife and then hiding her body under the floorboards of their Notting Hill home in London. Christie, 54, had admitted murder but pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. It took the jury an hour and 22 minutes to reject his defence and declare him guilty.

1967 400 million viewers in 26 nations watched the world’s first televised satellite hook up; the Beatles recording of 'All you need is love' at Abbey Road

1969 Wimbledon saw the longest men’s singles match ever when Charlie Passarell was beaten by Pancho Gonzalez 22-24, 1-6, 16-14, 6-3, 11-9.

1987: Joan Collins won a 45-second divorce from Swedish businessman Peter Holm, and claimed she did not want any more husbands.

1991: Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence from Yugoslavia, sparking eight years of war in the Balkans.

2001 Race violence erupted in Burnley, Lancashire. White and Asian youths were involved in a series of overnight attacks on pubs, shops and restaurants. Many vehicles were also damaged or destroyed.

2005: Iran hardliner sweeps to victory. Ultra-conservative Mahmoud Admadinejad wins surprise victory in presidential poll.

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